Almost every single day a prospective or existing client
calls and asks how they are to address copyright infringement on the Internet.
The answer to the question requires an analysis of what truly is at issue with
the copyright infringement. This begins by identifying what the copyright at
issue is. For example, is it a photograph, language or other written content,
or a video? Once the specific kind of copyright is identified, it is critically
important to find out who owns that copyright. While typically the creator of
any kind of work is the owner of the copyright, employment issues and work-for-hire
doctrines may reveal a different answer. Nonetheless, in order to understand
how one is to address copyright infringement on the Internet must begin with
confirmation as to ownership of a valid and existing copyright.
Assuming
that the work at issue qualifies as a copyright, regardless of if its
registered or not, the next step in the analysis is to identify who is making
the unlawful use of that copyright. Given that the Internet is available in
countries beyond the United States, we first try to determine whether or not we
are dealing with a United States entity. There are various ways to confirm
this. For example, we can look to domain name registration information, website
server hosting information, and other company information to determine whether
or not the alleged unlawful user of the copyright is located within the United
States. This is important because the DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) may be
an avenue through which a takedown notice can be sent if in fact we are dealing
with a United States entity. Alternatively, if we are dealing with an entity located
outside of the United States, we need to determine which laws apply to the
same. For example, China is a signatory to the Berne Convention and thus allows
various ways to address copyright infringement under Chinese and US law alike.
Having
identified a copyright, and determined the identity and location of the alleged
infringer, a copyright attorney will now advise the client as to its options. While
a cease and desist letter is typically a starting point for copyright
infringement on the Internet, there may be additional actions that can go with
that notice letter. For example, as noted above, a takedown notice via the
digital millennium copyright act may also accompany, although separately, any
cease and desist letter to an alleged infringer. This will ensure that the web
post also provides notice to the alleged infringer and may even extradite the
removal of the infringing work if the alleged infringer does not cooperate. Besides
letters, it is also important to determine whether a copyright infringer
lawsuit can be filed. In making this
determination, it is important to factor in the considerations of the alleged
infringers extent of liability, the likelihood of success, the likelihood of
collectability, and related factors. Once advised by a copyright lawyer, the
client can decide whether or not they wish to pursue a copyright infringement
lawsuit.
Ultimately,
addressing copyright infringement on the Internet begins with active monitoring
of one’s copyrighted content. Knowing how your copyrighted material is being
used and by whom allows you to more effectively address instances of copyright
infringement on the Internet. Should you identify such infringing activity, you
should contact a copyright lawyer who can work through the steps outlined in
this post and ultimately address your copyright infringement on the Internet.
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